Nonsymbiotic nitrogen fixation in 3-year-old Jeffrey pines and the role of elevated [CO2]

نویسندگان

  • P.S.J. Verburg
  • W. Cheng
  • D. W. Johnson
چکیده

Increased belowground labile C inputs under elevated [CO2] could stimulate nonsymbiotic N2 fixation, thereby enhancing growth responses of vegetation to elevated [CO2] on nutrient-poor sites. To test this hypothesis, nonsymbiotic N2 fixation rates in soils planted with 3-year-old Jeffrey pine (Pinus jeffreyi Grev. & Balf.) trees grown under 365 and 700 μL·L–1 atmospheric [CO2] were measured by exposing the soil to N2-enriched air for 78 d. Nitrogen fixation rates were estimated by measuring 15N content of trees and soil. Compared with the ambient CO2 treatment, the elevated CO2 treatment did not affect biomass, N content, or δ15N of individual plant parts and soils, indicating that elevated [CO2] did not stimulate nonsymbiotic N2 fixation. Because belowground C inputs did not increase under elevated [CO2], the initial hypothesis could not be accepted or rejected. The results from the N2 labeling study agree with other studies showing that nonsymbiotic N2 fixation is not likely to provide a large input of N in forest ecosystems. The N2 labeling technique was promising for studying N2 fixation in plant–soil systems, but the preliminary nature of this study did not allow for firm conclusions with regard to the effects of elevated [CO2]. Résumé : L’augmentation des apports de C labile dans le sol en présence d’une concentration élevée de CO2 pourrait promouvoir la fixation non symbiotique de N2 et par conséquent accroître la réponse en croissance de la végétation à une concentration élevée de CO2 sur les sites pauvres en nutriments. Pour tester cette hypothèse, nous avons mesuré le taux de fixation non symbiotique de N2 dans des sols où avaient été plantés des pins de Jeffrey (Pinus jeffreyi Grev. & Balf.) âgés de 3 ans et cultivés en présence de concentrations de CO2 atmosphérique de 365 et 700 μL·L-1 en exposant le sol à de l’air enrichie avec N2 pendant 78 j. Le taux de fixation de N a été estimé en mesurant le contenu en 15N dans les arbres et le sol. Comparativement à la concentration ambiante de CO2, la concentration élevée de CO2 n’a pas affecté la biomasse, le contenu en N et la valeur de δ15N ni dans le sol, ni dans les différentes parties des plants, indiquant que la concentration élevée de CO2 n’a pas favorisé la fixation non symbiotique de N2. L’hypothèse de départ ne peut être ni confirmée, ni infirmée étant donné que les apports de C dans le sol n’ont pas augmenté avec une concentration élevée de CO2. Les résultats de l’expérience de marquage avec N2 concordent avec ceux des autres études qui montrent qu’il est peu probable que la fixation non symbiotique de N2 fournisse un apport significatif de N dans les écosystèmes forestiers. L’utilisation de N2 marqué est une technique prometteuse pour étudier la fixation de N2 dans les systèmes plantes–sol mais la nature préliminaire de cette étude ne permet pas de tirer de conclusions fermes concernant les effets d’une concentration élevée de CO2. [Traduit par la Rédaction] Verburg et al. 1984

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تاریخ انتشار 2004